English 
فارسی 
العربية IRAN IN SYRIA
From an Ally of the Regime to an Occupying Force
(2nd edition, April 2016)
Chapters & Sections
Foreword
Foreword The first edition of this report, released in November 2014, was the result of a year of Naame Shaam’s work. It drew largely on information gathered from monitoring Syrian, Iranian and the international media’s coverage of events in Syria. The majority of the information and sources […]
Intro to 2nd Edition
Introduction to 2nd Edition A lot has changed in Syria and the wider region since the first edition of this report was published in November 2014. But a lot has also remained unchanged. Major developments over the past months include the expansion of Daesh (the so-called Islamic […]
Executive Summary
Executive Summary The core argument of this report is that the Syrian regime of President Bashar al-Assad would have collapsed a long time ago if it were not for the enormous military and economic support provided to it by the Iranian regime since March 2011, following the […]
I. The Iranian Regime in Syria
I. The Iranian Regime in Syria With the outbreak of the Syrian revolution in March 2011, the relationship between the Syrian and the Iranian regimes started to change from one of mutually beneficial partnership to one of dependency and dominance. The reason: The Syrian regime would not […]
1. Sepah Pasdaran 'advisers'
Contents of this section: Creating the shabbiha The Iranian connection Training War crimes and crimes against humanity Case study: The Houla and Bayda massacres Case study: The shabbiha in Homs Notes & References Update: Restructuring the NDF and forming ‘Hezbollah Syria’ 1. Sepah Pasdaran ‘advisors’ As mass […]
2. Foreign militias
Contents of this section: Early involvement Send in the Hezbollah boys The battle of al-Qusayr From a supporting to a leading role Homs Yabroud Testimonies Case study: Hezbollah and the al-‘Otaibeh massacre Case study: Hezbollah in al-Yarmouk Update on Hezbollah Lebanon’s involvement in Syria Holy wars Case […]
3. Iranian fighters
Contents of this section: Official admissions Iran’s not-so-secret army Funerals Pilgrims or fighters? Case study: The mysterious life and death Gen. Hassan Shateri New case study – The death of Iranian General Hossein Hamedani in Syria Notes & References Update on Iranian fighters in Syria 3. Iranian […]
4. Iranian weapons
Contents of this section: Illegal arms shipments Assisting Syrian regime in its ‘violent crackdown on protesters’ Stepping up military support Made in Iran, used in Syria Update on Iranian weapons used in Syria Case study: Who’s making the barrel bombs? Case study: Did Sepah Qods play a […]
Conclusion
Conclusion of Chapter I Chapter I has shown that Bashar al-Assad’s regime would not have been able on its own to suppress the mass popular protests that erupted in Syria in March 2011 and the subsequent armed opposition across the country. It has shown that the Syrian […]
II. Syria Under Military Occupation
Contents of this chapter: Update on the use of the term ‘Iranian occupation’ What is military occupation? Does Iranian presence in Syria constitute a military occupation? From the horse’s mouth But keep it between us Update: More admissions Case study: Who’s responsible for the death of Al-Manar […]
III. Iran's Vietnam
Contents of this chapter: At any cost ‘Eat just once a day or fast’ Iran’s ‘resistance economy’ Update on the economic costs of the war in Syria to Iran and Hezbollah Counting the dead Update on Iranian and Hezbollah casualties in Syria New case study: Aleppo, the […]
Appendices
Contents of this section: 1. Iranian fighters and commanders killed in Syria 2. Afghan fighters and commanders killed in Syria 3. Pakistani fighters and commanders killed in Syria Appendix 1: Iranian fighters and commanders killed in Syria >> download as a pdf NO. NAME POSITION […]
This report was written by Shiar Youssef, the head of Naame Shaam’s Research and Advocacy Team.
© Naame Shaam, 2nd edition, April 2016
Naame Shaam is a group of Iranian, Syrian and Lebanese activists and citizen journalists that focuses on uncovering the role of the Iranian regime in Syria. For more information, see the group’s website: www.naameshaam.org.
Naame Shaam is supported by the Netherlands-based Rule of Law Foundation, www.lawrules.org.
