English 
فارسی 
العربية FINANCING TERROR – The economic impact of Iran’s nuclear programme and its support to paramilitary groups across the Middle East
(December 2015)
Sections & Chapters
Executive Summary
Executive Summary Iran’s leaders have over the years repeatedly denied allegations of supporting terrorism or intending to develop nuclear weapons. But the international community remained unconvinced. The country has been termed a ‘state sponsor of terrorism’ since the mid-1980s and the United Nations, the European Union, the […]
Introduction
Introduction Iran’s leaders have over the years repeatedly denied allegations that they support terrorism or intend to develop nuclear weapons. But the international community remains unconvinced. The US State Department has listed the country as a ‘State Sponsor of Terrorism’ since 1984 and the United Nations (UN), […]
Chapter 1: Methodology and data limitations
Methodology and data limitations In order to answer the research questions, a number of activities have been carried out. Information on Iran’s financial support to the five conflict areas in the specified periods was sought in government publications, publications by political research institutes and think tanks, scientific […]
Chapter 2: Iran's financial support to paramilitary groups in the Middle East
2. Iran’s financial support to paramilitary groups in the Middle East Contents of this chapter: Overview Hezbollah in Lebanon (since 1983) Shia militias in Iraq (since 2003) Hamas in Gaza (since 2007) The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (since 2007) Houthi rebels in Yemen (since 2010) The Al-Assad regime […]
Chapter 3: Sanctions against Iran
3. Sanctions against Iran 3.1 Overview The US first imposed economic and political sanctions against Iran in 1979, in response to Iran’s Islamic revolution and the 1979-81 hostage crisis. Additional US sanctions were imposed in 1984 due to the implication of Iran’s proxy Hezbollah (see section 2.2) […]
Chapter 4: Costs of Iran's nuclear programme and the potential for renewable energy sources
Contents of this section: Costs of Iran’s nuclear programme Impact of the nuclear programme and sanctions Economic and safety arguments for renewable energy Notes & References 4: Costs of Iran’s nuclear programme and the potential for renewable energy sources 4.1 Costs of Iran’s nuclear programme Iran currently […]
Conclusions
Conclusions There are ample indications that Iran has supported over the years a range of paramilitary groups, armed militias, as well as repressive governments in the Middle East in order to establish influence in the region. However, it is much more difficult to quantify the levels of […]
Research prepared for the Naame Shaam campaign by a European economic research institute that wishes to remain anonymous for security reasons.
Naame Shaam is a group of Iranian, Syrian and Lebanese activists and citizen journalists that focuses on uncovering the role of the Iranian regime in Syria. For more information, see the group’s website: www.naameshaam.org.
Naame Shaam is supported by the Netherlands-based Rule of Law Foundation, www.lawrules.org.
© Naame Shaam. December 2015